Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 104

Case Study Example Consequently, the liver is stimulated to produce more glucose into the blood system so as to provide more energy for muscles (Pino, p.15) Coagulation refers to the process in which blood changes from liquid to a gel. Coagulation will in turn result in homeostasis and stops blood loss from a damaged vessel. Coagulation profile refers to an analysis of the various components that assist in blood clotting. These substances include Prothrombin time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, Thrombin Time, Fibrinogen, and Fibrin Degradation Products. All this substances have a healthy percentage or value, and deficiency of an element may result in coagulation complications (Blood disorders Para 12). It may either be internal or external. Rapid blood loss occurs in persons suffering from anaemia. It results in losing large amounts of blood. It leads to a drastic fall in blood pressure and a reduction in bodies oxygen supply. These problems may lead to a heart attack. Chronic blood loss occurs where a patient loses small amounts of blood from their body organs within an extended period. Rapid blood loss is treated by blood transfusion while chronic blood loss may be treated with the intake of iron supplements usually tablet for several months Several complications may occur during the treatment of bone fractures with the risk of complications varying with the type of bone fracture. In the case of Mr. Liu in the case study, some of the complications may include the development of pneumothorax, respiratory compromise or even frail chest due to the multiple rib fractures. Observations should always be made to make sure it either an open fracture or closed fracture. The skin should be checked if its intact. Radiography results are reviewed thoroughly as a single break is easier to treat than a comminuted fracture. Capillary refill is also checked, if they are no p[resent pulses the patient might have serious internal problems. Sharp bone

Keeping the Canon Dim and Dull Essay Example for Free

Keeping the Canon Dim and Dull Essay American novelist Nicholas Sparks ranks among the #1 best sellers of today with 14 novels in 13 years; four of them adapted in film and put his authorship in a bigger mainstream. With Kevin Costner as Garrett Blake in Message in a Bottle (1999), Mandy Moore as Jamie Sullivan in A Walk to Remember (2002), and Richard Gere as Dr. Paul Flanner in Nights to Rodanthe (2008), it became far easier for the name to leave a commercial mark and drop some familiarity among young and old alike. But can commercial success lift a writer’s distinction in the literary world? What exactly makes a canon? To put it simply, is Nicholas Sparks a canon writer? The word canon itself becomes trite these days with the plethora of websites from Lord of the Rings to Harry Potter that treat just any bit of hype to be a canon. Both created history in bestseller and box office but none of the two is â€Å"universally† considered as a literary canon although LotR is considered to father the modern fantasy stories. According to Stevens, literary canons are not just worthy of serious academic attention; they have also become â€Å"celebrated names† holding some measure of universal acclaim. They are too many in history, Shakespeare and his magnum opera would be the most obvious to mention. Of course, who does not know the Dickensonian Ebenezer Scrooge, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield or even Fagin? In the romantic genre, Jane Austen could captivate you body and soul with Pride and Prejudice and Emma. So where exactly does Nicholas Sparks fall? Before anything else, it is important to note that there is no written policy on the establishment of a literary canon. A work is canonized only when it is included in the literary works that are studied and respected by literary or academic critics. Since literature is evolving and is perceived differently at the context of time and the critic’s subjective experience, the canonization then is generally subjective in nature and thus transcends time. For example, Jane Austen who is much celebrated for her comedy of manners and intellectual repartees remained close to anonymous until given a posthumous academic recognition in the 20th century. It might be a blunder to compare Sparks to Austen but a comparison is necessary to establish the argument – does Sparks belong to the canon poll? Since there is not a precise appraisal to making the canon mark, let us then examine his works at the context of its impact on literature and culture, while studying its literary style and end. Nicholas Sparks writes love stories, most often contain tragic endings and set the tragedy-in-fate archetype he is infamous for. He considers it a completely different genre and forbids to be labelled a romance writer. â€Å"I dont write romance novels, any more than Tom Clancy writes legal thrillers†, he said in an interview covered by bookreporter. com. The Romance Writers of America explains it this way: â€Å"Two basic elements comprise every romance novel: a central love story and an emotionally-satisfying and optimistic ending. † (Simpson) Given this description, Sparks could either be doing one of the two; benchmarking a love story genre or falling into the romance novel trap half foot. Unlike the majority of writers who fashion their characters first and create the conflict that suit the characters just second, Sparks admit to be doing the otherwise. Though his characters are inspired by real people (Jamie Sullivan was inspired by the death of her sister Danielle), he made them more compelling by making their conflicts larger than life. The flop in such a technique is apparent to any sophisticated reader or writer wannabe – instead of the characters giving the plot the edge and leading it to a compelling climax, the characters become mere pawns to the writer’s intent. There will be little to no relevant character development. The reader will struggle to identify a character to remember, the plot will overshadow it all, especially when it is so tragic, it leaves you wishing for a different twist. This is contradictory to most tragic love stories, classical in literature. In Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily (short story), though the end is foretold in the beginning, what draws you is the narrative that so ardently expressed the issues, both internal and external, in vivid detail. In the end, the reader will come to understand that the death of one character does not necessarily define the tragedy in the story – but how the character evolved so as to reach that cheerless conclusion. Message in a Bottle (1998), A Walk to Remember (1999) and Nights at Rodanthe (2002) all exemplify this flat disaster. The Notebook (1996) has some good moments particularly with its compelling narrative in the beginning, but still, the characterization failed to maintain the force given the very predictable outcome. For always, Sparks brings us to a TIME when people were not troubled by major social conflicts or to a simple, smaller PLACE where his characters live detached from conflicts and distractions of modern day. Sparks however, stands on his novels being realistic. It can be observed that most of his women – Allie Nelson (The Notebook), Theresa Osborne (Message in a Bottle), Denise Holton (The Rescue) and Elizabeth Green (The Lucky One) to name a few, were divorcees or single mothers trying to have a hold on life and finding their self in love once again. The situation per se is indeed realistic especially in this time. What made them stranger than fiction though is how they confronted these realistic struggles in a way, only a pen could smudge. For instance in The Notebook, Allie’s love for Noah was rekindled with not much plot support. The mother confessed of her ploy to separate them and the key to the reunion was easily established. In Message in a Bottle, Theresa embarked on a detective search for Garrett out of mere curiosity. Given that Theresa is a journalist, has a child and just finds herself caught in an unexpected divorce, it would be very uncharacteristic for her to feel real sappy and romantic over somebody she clearly did not know, and who matter-of-fact declared his love for someone else. Clearly, all these characters and sub-plots turned out not because they evolved like how humans are supposed to, but because that is how exactly the writer intended it to be. Taking into the iceberg principle of 10/90, 10% was real while the submerged 90% was a loosely based romance archetype. In fact, the plots of the 13 novels were prototyped from The Notebook, his first. That is why, only hardcore romance suckers would get whatever thrill there is while the more sophisticated readers who are looking for more sense and substance find the subsequent readings redundant and predictable. Although The Notebook and A Walk to Remember books were set in 1932 and 1958 respectively, it did not contain any historical account or social issues relevant to the setting specified. Unlike with Gabriel Marquez of One Hundred Years of Solitude, whose diversity of structure and literary plot showed the postmodernism for which he belongs, Sparks seems lost in principle and time. He is not a realist, not an impressionist, not a neo-classicist and does not claim to be a romantic. His works lack social and historical relevance and thus have no place in a serious academic discussion. For one, there is no need for a brow-knitting analytical criticism. In fact, your brows would knit effortlessly for lack of needed smarts than for over thinking. To get the sparks going, a reader only needs to have his / her tear glands all set, with the tissue or hanky at hand and the ride is on. Things can get pretty predictable so in order to avoid any failed expectation; do not expect anything at all. With Nicholas Sparks, the best thing you could get out of your seven bucks is a good cry and a great kiss. So what made Nicholas Sparks one of the most bankable writers at the moment? Personally, I see his first three works to be the primary determinant. The Notebook was a good spank for an undying love. Message in a Bottle was a curious case after the first hit. A Walk to Remember captivated a whole new, much younger audience. But all the rest that followed bored us to tears or to death. With each novel written and published just mere months after the other, it is clear that more than creating works of literary art, Nicholas Sparks is better hauled for the money. I am not saying it is a bad choice but it is not a direction for creating literary mark like Hemingway or Faulkner long achieved. Or maybe, we can blame Hollywood for taking a toll on the evolution or decline of American literature. With most of the writers choosing the more marketable screenplay career and with people going visual, it is indeed easier to go with the current and deliver the visual imagery the audience is looking for. Or maybe, just like the many writers that their time rejected, the future might hold a place for Nicholas Sparks and prove this personal deduction to be false. Only time could tell. For now, much credit is given to the stars that made Sparks’ masterpieces more compelling than the lines they convey and continue to burn Nicholas’ name in Amazon, or in the bookshops near you. References Simpson, Donna Lea. â€Å"What Defines the Romance Novel†. suite101. com. 12 November 2007. http://romancefiction. suite101. com/article. cfm/what_defines_a_romance_novel, accessed 25 April 2009 Stevens, Charlotte. The Literary Canon. The Literary Encyclopedia. 10 January 2007. [http://www. litencyc. com/php/stopics. php? rec=trueUID=158, accessed 25 April 2009. ] Bookreporter. com. â€Å"Nicholas Sparks†. 1996-2009. http://www. bookreporter. com/authors/au-sparks-nicholas. asp, accessed 25 April 2009.

truthhod Quest for Truth in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

The Quest for Truth in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is set in Africa's Congo region, and his descriptions of that place are stark yet full of the wonder of discovery as well as the shock that comes from uncovering ugly truths. Conrad was purposefully vague in his setting for Heart of Darkness; he never actually named the destination to which Marlow journeyed. This may be because Heart of Darkness was more an inner journey than a journey between places.   Conrad juxtaposed his protagonist's inward quest with an outward journey through the wilderness of   "dark" Africa. The novel's climax was not comprised of actions, but of moral discoveries and intellectual awakenings.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A stylistic device utilized by Conrad throughout the novel is the highlighting of themes by setting certain symbolic elements in opposition to contrasting symbolic elements. In order to accomplish this, he relied heavily on metaphors. Metaphors only gain meaning, as they are associated in the reader's mind with images or ideas that are beyond the intrinsic meanings of the words themselves (Searl 1979). In reference to the title Heart of Darkness, Ian Watt said " . . . Both of Conrad's nouns are densely charged with physical and moral suggestions; freed from the restrictions of the article, they combine to generate a sense of puzzlement which prepares us for something beyond our usual expectations: if the words do not name what we know, they must be asking us to know what has, as yet, no name" (Watt 1963).   Resonating throughout Heart of Darkness was the contrast between elements, which may be represented as being light, and elements, wh ich may be characterized as being dark. Light carries with it the metaphorical meanings ... ... Cox, C. B. Conrad: Heart of Darkness, Nostromo, and Under Western Eyes. London: Macmillan Education Ltd., 1987. Guetti, James. ‘Heart of Darkness and the Failure of the Imagination’, Sewanee Review LXXIII, No. 3 (Summer 1965), pp. 488-502. Ed. C. B. Cox. Ruthven, K. K. ‘The Savage God: Conrad and Lawrence,’ Critical Quarterly, x, nos 1& 2 (Spring and Summer 1968), pp. 41-6. Ed. C. B. Cox. Street, Brian V. The Savage in Literature. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1975. Thornton, A. P. The Imperial Idea and its Enemies. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985. Watts, Cedric. A Preface to Conrad. Essex: Longman Group UK Limited, 1993.   Wiley, Paul L. Conrad's Measure of Man. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1954. Wynne-Davies, Marion. Ed. The Bloomsbury Guide to English Literature. New York: Prentice Hall General Reference, 1990.

True Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

The True Tragic Hero in Sophocles' Antigone    In Master Sophocles' Antigone, the question of who the tragic hero really is has been a subject of debate for a great number years. Creon does possess some of the qualities that constitute a tragic hero but unfortunately does not completely fit into the role. Antigone, however, possesses all the aspects of a tragic hero. These are, in no particular order, having a high social position, not being overly good or bad, being tenacious in their actions, arousing pity in the audience, a revelatory manifestation, and having a single flaw that brings about their own demise and the demise of others around them. Antigone possesses all of these traits therefore qualifying as the tragic hero.    The first qualifying aspect is that Antigone is of a high social standing in Thebes. Creon himself refers to her as a princess though she is technically no longer one. Because of her high standing she is capable of great suffering, in that she has a lot of fame and regard to lose. Those who say Creon is the tragic hero state say that Antigone is no longer in a high position in the society, therefore does not qualify on that account. If the character had needed to be in a high political position this would be true, but they need only have a great deal to lose in their downfall. Although she may no longer hold political power Antigone is still a powerful figure in Thebes, since she was to be married to Creon's son Haemon and the whole city seemed to know how tragic her life had become.    Antigone and Creon would qualify as the tragic hero if the only requirement was not being overly good or bad. Creon shows his negative side when he refuses to bury Polyneices and when he speaks to the sentry. His positive side is shown in his obvious affection for Antigone and Ismene, whom he has attempted to raise since their fathers death. Antigone's ungodly side is shown by her incestuous behavior with her brother Polyneices. Her positive side is shown by the way the she insists on respecting his right to be buried in the religious tradition of Greece so that his soul may live on in the afterlife.    Another aspect of a tragic hero is an unwavering course of action, most likely caused by their flaw, that brings about their demise and the demise of those around them.

Nursing and Diploma Program

A registered nurse is a licensed professional with a four-year nursing degree. Able to provide all levels of nursing care including the administration of medication. The job description of a registered nurse is to work to promote good health and prevent illness. They educate patients and the public about various medical conditions; treat patients and help in their rehabilitation; and provide advice and emotional support to patients' families. RNs use considerable judgment in providing a wide variety of services. They also develop the day-to-day nursing care plans both in hospital, and for care after discharge by families and visiting nurses. Advanced nursing practice is defined as the performance of advanced level nursing practice activities which, by virtue of post-basic education and experience, are appropriate to and may be performed by an advanced practice registered nurse My career goals are to maintain a comfortable salary to support my family in the future, and be able to afford the things I need and want throughout life and to live happy and comfortable. â€Å"Registered Nursesâ€Å" 2). Nursing is not necessarily an easy occupation to get into, there are certain requirements and qualifications. One of the most popular forms of education for registered nurses is an associate degree in nursing which takes about two years to complete. Other RN candidates may opt for a hospital diploma program where they take thirty to sixty hours worth of science classes and then take many more hours of classes which are heavily focused on nursing. The diploma program usually takes a minimum of three years. A diploma program meets the basic educational requirements to be a registered nurse. Another option is for the prospective RN to get a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing from a university. Once a BSN degree is earned, it gives the person the opportunity to pursue higher education opportunities in his or her field such as a Master's Degree or a PhD. The registered nurse educational requirements can vary from state to state as each state has its own laws and policies that govern the nursing profession. However, all registered nurses most take some sort of licensing exam in order to become legally able to practice in the registered nursing profession. While 2-3 years of training is required, it is possible to make a good living from the salary that you can earn as a registered nurse. But be aware that the profession can be stressful. Some of the most stressful nursing positions are those in hospitals, particularly in the emergency rooms. Some less stressful jobs may include working in private practice where the hours will not be as long. There are many ways to advance in the medical career. In order to be a nurse you must start at the bottom and work your way to the top. Some jobs that share the same training or similar training of a registered nurse are nurse-practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, and midwives. The duties of a nurse practitioner include conducting physical exams; diagnosing and treating common illnesses and injuries; providing immunizations; managing high blood pressure, diabetes, and other chronic problems. Clinical nurses duties are to provide care in specialty areas, such as cardiac, oncology (cancer), pediatrics, and psychiatric/mental health. They work in hospitals and clinics, providing medical care and mental health services, developing quality assurance procedures, and serving as educators and consultants. Last but not least, a midwives’ duties are to provide routine health care for women, but their practices are focused on pregnancy and delivery of babies. They lead classes in childbirth, sibling preparation, and care of newborns. If pregnancies continue without complications, nurse-midwives provide all prenatal care, assist mothers during labor, and deliver the babies. Following the births, they make sure that mothers and newborns are well and provide follow-up care. If emergencies occur, nurse-midwives are trained to provide assistance until doctors arrive. All of these occupations in the medical field are just an example to show you the similarities in these careers. (â€Å"Requirements of registered nursingâ€Å"1). When people are considering a career, they often ask questions. Such as; Can I support a family on my salary? , Can I buy a house? , and can I pay for my kids college? A registered nurses salary starts around $56,225 and ends at $68,251. After conducting research I have come to the conclusion that you can indeed afford a small home or nice apartment on a registered nurses salary. You can also afford a used car or afford to have low monthly payment on a vehicle. However, you cannot pay for a child’s college and afford bills without extra help. (â€Å"Salary Wizard†3). In order for me to meet my goals in the medical field, I must be focused. First I must work hard to receive good grades in high school, especially in science and math. I must maintain a great attitude and never give up in order to reach my goals in life. After graduating high school I will enroll in the New Horizons School Of Adult Education. There I will get my LPN license. I will be attending that school for 36 months. After graduating the LPN program I will put in applications in the hospital for LPN’s. Then while I am starting out my career then I will go to school for Registered Nurses. ? ? ? ? ? ? Kayla Foster Gold 6 5/9/2010 English 12

Free Essays on PC

One of the most innovative and exciting fields in our current society is the PC industry. In the last thirty years, the computer industry has developed at an astounding rate- nearly two out of three people over the age of 18 in the US either own or have access to a computer on a regular basis. This incredible invention, however, is the result of inauspicious beginnings and inept primary marketing by one of the most successful manufacturers of personal computers- Apple. Despite disastrous losses in the 80s and 90s to their main competitor, IBM, Apple recently re-vamped the entire company- focusing on marketing and product developmentand introduced the iMac in 1998- the most successful personal computer launch ever. Despite this success, the rapid rate of development within the computer industry indicates that Apple must analyze their previous marketing techniques in order to maintain the high level of success achieved in the late twentieth century. The PC was invented on April Fool’s Day in 1976. The two inventors, Steven Jobs and Stephan Wozniak, were working out of a garage and possessed very little knowledge of the importance of marketing in successful product production and distribution. They were primarily interested in their products- showing â€Å"little concern for its markets.† The introduction of IBM in 1981, however, was a strong wakeup call for the unprofessional company- forcing them into competition against strong and well-managed opponents. For several years after IBM launched its first PC, it dominated the market- focusing on a synergistic relationship with Microsoft. After hearing the dire predictions regarding the probability of Apple surviving IBM domination, Steven Jobs realized that professional marketing help was vital. John Scully, a professional in marketing, concluded that Apple desperately needed a keen update on its marketing-product strategies. The resulting solution consisted of diffe... Free Essays on PC Free Essays on PC One of the most innovative and exciting fields in our current society is the PC industry. In the last thirty years, the computer industry has developed at an astounding rate- nearly two out of three people over the age of 18 in the US either own or have access to a computer on a regular basis. This incredible invention, however, is the result of inauspicious beginnings and inept primary marketing by one of the most successful manufacturers of personal computers- Apple. Despite disastrous losses in the 80s and 90s to their main competitor, IBM, Apple recently re-vamped the entire company- focusing on marketing and product developmentand introduced the iMac in 1998- the most successful personal computer launch ever. Despite this success, the rapid rate of development within the computer industry indicates that Apple must analyze their previous marketing techniques in order to maintain the high level of success achieved in the late twentieth century. The PC was invented on April Fool’s Day in 1976. The two inventors, Steven Jobs and Stephan Wozniak, were working out of a garage and possessed very little knowledge of the importance of marketing in successful product production and distribution. They were primarily interested in their products- showing â€Å"little concern for its markets.† The introduction of IBM in 1981, however, was a strong wakeup call for the unprofessional company- forcing them into competition against strong and well-managed opponents. For several years after IBM launched its first PC, it dominated the market- focusing on a synergistic relationship with Microsoft. After hearing the dire predictions regarding the probability of Apple surviving IBM domination, Steven Jobs realized that professional marketing help was vital. John Scully, a professional in marketing, concluded that Apple desperately needed a keen update on its marketing-product strategies. The resulting solution consisted of diffe...

Animals in Testing essays

Animals in Testing essays Its not a new thing. For many centuries scientists and testers in research have used animals of all kinds. Most of the animals are small ones like rodents - rats, mice, hamsters and gerbils. Some dogs, cats and a variety of goats, monkeys and rabbits have also been used. The animal rights issue is an emotional one - second only, perhaps, to the abortion debate. For decades the value of animal research has been grossly overrated. Although researchers claim that they depend on animal test data to achieve medical advances, we should demand other means of research and there should be laws assuring a minimum level of animal protection because testing on animals is cruel, inhumane, and often unnecessary. The American Medical Association has stated that it believes that research involving animals is essential to maintaining and improving the health of human beings. They point out that all advances in medical science in the 20th century, from antibiotics to organ transplants, has been achieved either directly or indirectly through the use of animals in laboratory experiments. Animal research is being used to find a cure for AIDS, cancer, heart disease, aging and congenital defects. The AMA claims that the result of these experiments has been the elimination or control of many infectious diseases. This has meant a longer, healthier, better life with much less pain and suffering for humans. Animal research is for the most part cruel and inhumane. Animal rights activists have gathered large amounts of information that has resulted in the closing down of many laboratories that violate anti-cruelty statutes. Almost daily we read about scientists and researchers who conduct animal experiments that do not consider pain and suffering. Laboratories are cited for filthy conditions, cages that are barely large enough to house animals and breeding conditions that are cruel. Animal research is often unnecessary. History has ...

5 Useful Resources to Enlarge Your Baggage of English Creative Writing Techniques

5 Useful Resources to Enlarge Your Baggage of English Creative Writing Techniques 5 Useful Resources to Enlarge Your Baggage of English Creative Writing Techniques Creative wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng is Ð ¾nÐ µ of thÐ µ mÐ ¾Ã'•t absorbing and enjoyable skills thÐ °t Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u   hÐ °vÐ µ. And Ã'â€"f you are a pro Ð °t it, thÐ µn Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u Ã' Ã °n move Ð ¾n tÐ ¾ writing very good essays and dissertations that people will find interesting to read. HÐ ¾wÐ µvÐ µr, if Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u Ð °rÐ µ blundÐ µrÃ'â€"ng fÐ ¾rwÐ °rd blindly, without any guidance or fÐ µÃ µdbÐ °Ã' k Ð ¾n hÐ ¾w to Ã'â€"mÃ'€rÐ ¾vÐ µ your Ã' rÐ °ft, thÐ µn Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u mÐ °Ã'Æ' Ð ¾ftÐ µn fÃ'â€"nd Ã'Æ'Ð ¾urÃ'•Ð µlf getting frustrated, Ð ¾r fÃ'â€"nd thÐ °t Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur disappointment Ã'â€"n whÐ °t Ã'Æ'Ð ¾urÐ µ trÃ'Æ'Ã'â€"ng tÐ ¾ achieve Ã' Ã °n detract frÐ ¾m thÐ µ grÐ µÃ °t wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng that youre Ã'€rÐ ¾duÃ' Ã'â€"ng. 1. Above All, WrÃ'â€"tÐ µ! TrÃ'Æ' Ð °nd mÐ °kÐ µ regular uÃ'•Ð µ of your Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'•. It doesnt matter what fÐ ¾rm of Ã' rÐ µÃ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µ writing it is, Ð °nd when you Ð °rÐ µ Ð °Ã' tuÐ °llÃ'Æ' completing it. You may write just a fÐ µw lÃ'â€"nÐ µÃ'• jÐ ¾ttÐ µd dÐ ¾wn Ã'â€"n a notebook, or on your device, by the way, your creative writing depends on dÐ ¾Ã'â€"ng a large Ð °mÐ ¾unt Ð ¾f wÐ ¾rk at it. 2. Practice Makes Perfect ThÐ µ same wÐ °Ã'Æ' thÐ °t mÐ µtÐ °l joints Ã' Ã °n gÐ µt ruÃ'•tÃ'Æ' if they rÐ µmÐ °Ã'â€"n Ã'•tÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °rÃ'Æ' fÐ ¾r tÐ ¾Ã ¾ lÐ ¾ng, so your wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng skills can downplay Ã'â€"f Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u do not mÐ °kÐ µ rÐ µgulÐ °r uÃ'•Ð µ of thÐ µm. Depending on whÐ °t Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u Ð °rÐ µ hÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'â€"ng tÐ ¾ achieve frÐ ¾m Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng, the amount of tÃ'â€"mÐ µ Ð °nd Ð µffÐ ¾rts thÐ °t you will need to spend, in order to dÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€ Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur Ã'•kÃ'â€"llÃ'•, mÐ °Ã'Æ' vÐ °rÃ'Æ'. CrÐ µÃ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µ writing Ã'•uÃ' h Ð °Ã'• Ã'€Ð ¾Ã µtrÃ'Æ', whÃ'â€"Ã' h requÃ'â€"rÐ µÃ'• more thought Ð °nd Ã' Ã °rÐ µ, mÃ'â€"ght mean thÐ °t Ð µvÐ µn a fÐ µw vÐ µrÃ'•Ð µÃ'• Ã' Ã °n take a fÐ µw dÐ °Ã'Æ'Ã'•, Ã'•Ð ¾ it Ã'â€"Ã'• rÐ µÃ °llÃ'Æ' Ð °ll Ð °bÐ ¾ut finding the rÃ'â€"ght Ã'€Ð °Ã' Ã µ Ð ¾f wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng that is mÐ ¾Ã'•t suitable fÐ ¾r you. 3. ExÐ µrÃ' Ã'â€"Ã'•Ð µ Your CrÐ µÃ °tÃ'â€"vity Almost all writers find thÐ µmÃ'•Ð µlvÐ µÃ'• unÐ °blÐ µ tÐ ¾ think Ð ¾f anything to wrÃ'â€"tÐ µ about frÐ ¾m tÃ'â€"mÐ µ tÐ ¾ tÃ'â€"mÐ µ as well as to find Ã'â€"nÃ'•Ã'€Ã'â€"rÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n that can be frustrating. SÐ ¾mÐ µ people, who are going to use thÐ µÃ'â€"r wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng skills in a specific profession, mÐ °Ã'Æ' benefit frÐ ¾m doing a fÐ µw exercises on English creative writing techniques to sharpen their grasp in the particular field. The best way is to describe an item that has impressed you a lot. Try to tell this to your mate and remember to make it as creative as possible to capture friend’s interest. 4. Internet Browsing ThrÐ ¾ugh browsing the wÐ µbÃ'•Ã'â€"tÐ µÃ'• that dÐ µÃ °l wÃ'â€"th Ã' rÐ µÃ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µ wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng Ð ¾nlÃ'â€"nÐ µ tips, Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u Ã' Ã °n uÃ'•uÐ °llÃ'Æ' find a numbÐ µr Ð ¾f Ð µxÐ µrÃ' Ã'â€"Ã'•Ð µÃ'• which Ã'Æ'Ð ¾u can handle in Ð ¾rdÐ µr tÐ ¾ improve Ã'Æ'Ð ¾ur skills, Ð ¾r simply tÐ ¾ lÐ ¾Ã ¾Ã'•Ð µn uÃ'€, Ã'•Ð ¾ thÐ °t words wÐ ¾uld flow nÐ °turÐ °llÃ'Æ'. 5. CrÐ µÃ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µ WrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng CÐ ¾urÃ'•Ð µÃ'• If you have a desire to differ yourself from everybody else in your class, it wont do you any harm to enroll in a writing course. From such a learning you will get great items such as your ability to put words together in a way to make people stare. Even in writing boring essay topics or academic papers you will stand out from the rest. CrÐ µÃ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µ writing Ã'â€"Ã'• a wÐ ¾ndÐ µrful skill to possess. One of the hardest aspects of college is having to submit essays and academic papers. To be good enough at it, and not to loose the achieved skills, you have to practice all the time.

The Critical Appraisal of the Research Evidence Associated With an Essay

The Critical Appraisal of the Research Evidence Associated With an Area of My Professional - Essay Example Critical reviews of nursing research thus improve the experiences and knowledge of nurses in various practice areas. Hong Kong’s healthcare system has an increasing demand for evidence-based approaches. In particular, nurses face more serious evidence-based practice challenges given that the nature of their work requires that they rely on the available scientific evidence for decision making (Spring & Hitchcock, 2010). Observably, absence or lack of nurse representation in research would limit the growth and development of the profession (Duffy, Fisher & Munroe, 2008). Evidence-based practice in Hong Kong has numerous issues and implications in its establishment that need to be through the critical analysis of the available and relevant researchers. Despite the fact that evidence-based practice is a widely discussed concept in the literature, it is uncommon and not well adopted in nursing practice in Hong Kong and other countries. This paper critically appraises two journal articles on practice area relevant to Hong Kong. This critical appraisal is through the three essential elements of evidence-based practice, namely systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and protocols. In essence, the appraisal explores some of the current issues associated with evidence-based practice in Hong Kong. It then outlines specific suggestions to researchers, nursing practitioners, managers, and academics so that the current nursing situation in Hong Kong is advanced. The appraisal is by a PICOT format question with the relevant population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time. A critical appraisal of research evidence is a step in evidence-based practice in nursing. Through critical appraisal, the validity and usefulness of research evidence are established. This critical appraisal wasconducted in three main steps, namely validity, generalizability and

Management Investigation and report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Investigation and report - Essay Example head-quarters only. At the end of the study, the project draws a conclusion on oil and gas companies and its response to the complex and urgent sustainability issues. This report will be a crucial one to understand the future energy supply-demand balance.The report is prepared on the basis of consumer view-point, the catastrophes’ caused and data analysis. Firstly, the project makes an analysis of the three companies holding the leading positions in the market. Following this the macroeconomic analysis has been provided which is a reflection of PESTEL. An analysis has also been done with regards to the present financial performance of the three companies. PESTEL demonstrates the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal factors which influence the companies. Finally, an analysis of the internal strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities are some of the factors based on which the strategies have been recommended for the three companies. I ntroduction Oil and natural gas account for one of the major requirements in the daily lives of people. More than 60% of a nation’s energy is provided by natural gases and oil. ... Since 2005 February, the world supply of oil has been flat. There has been 1.4% increase in its production since December 2007 (Arup, â€Å"Introduction†). Firstly the project analyses the position of the three leading oil and natural companies namely, Shell, BP, Exxon-Mobil. Firstly the macroeconomic analysis is done using PESTEL and then based on this analysis the respective strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are determined. The three companies are analysed with respect to their financial performance and how the present global scenario has impacted that performance. Following from the research it aims to make a comparative analysis of the positions of the three companies in the market. About the Companies Exxon Mobil operates in about 41 countries and is one of the renowned Energy and Technology sources, striving to meet the increasing demand. The company claims, that it can opt for many challenges to meet the requirements of the evolving new supplies, intensif ying efficiency yet preserving the environment. Technology will play a critical role in meeting these challenges. The company keeps an eye of various magazines trend analysis that’s required to figure out the global energy demand and supply in the future years. Also, it increases the global demand and supplies, keeping in mind the environmental hazards. Thus, by energy efficiency technique one can utilise the energy obtained and diminish the greenhouse gas emissions at a very manageable cost (Exxon Mobil, â€Å"Energy & Technology†). BP is operating in almost every continent, across 80 countries. It offers a variety of products and is best known for fuel and energy. The company boasts of building a hefty and robust

Managerial Economics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managerial Economics - Term Paper Example Annual reports by oil companies reveal that spending on the exploration and development activities enlarged by $18 billion (5% ) in 2013, whereas spending on the property acquisition continued to decrease by $17 billion. The total upstream spending was comparatively flat after the period of robust growth from 2000 to 2012. In the last three years, flat oil prices, as well as the rising costs, have added to the declining cash flow for these oil producing companies. The continued decrease in cash flow, especially in the face of the rising debt levels, could hinder future exploration and development. Nonetheless, lowered spending levels might be offset by production efficiency and the rising drilling as evidenced in a review of data from 42 lately published financial statements for the public oil companies. The reports, needed by the UK Securities and Exchange Commission, reveal that the small increase in spending was propelled by the expenditures to develop fields obtained in the previ ous years. The expenditures to purchase new property dropped in 2013, and the spending on production actions was flat.Companies’ expenditures link oil production activities in the three groups: property acquisition, production, and exploration and development, jointly referred to as the upstream. Today, property acquisition consists of costs incurred to buy proved and unproved reserves while exploration and development consist of expenditures associated with searching for and developing facilities.

Qualitative methods produce useful but unreliable research. Discuss Essay

Qualitative methods produce useful but unreliable research. Discuss - Essay Example y, the issues and subjects that may be influenced by the emotion and feelings of the masses are generally more suitable for qualitative research methodologies. It is therefore surprising that even though, both the types of researches have their own specific relevance, qualitative research methodology sometimes seems to become less reliable, especially in terms of its validation by a small number of data as compared to the quantitative research which is backed by a large ‘number’. Qualitative research is a very important tool for evaluating trends and behavioural pattern of the people who are in a position to influence a set of defined parameters or vice versa. It is also a very means to analyse how the changes occur in our social lives and how and what the factors that affect our decisions are. It is especially true in the case of gauging trends in consumer behaviour or trying to evaluate public leaning to a political ideology or a burning political issue. It is the reason that social scientists use this methodology to go deeper into the emotional psyche of the public’s moods and attitude and thus try to identify the root cause for their current trends. Consequently, the numbers become irrelevant for the researchers and the emotions and feelings that dictate the attitudes and views of the public becomes primary criteria to the final selection of the research methodology. Hence main features and methodologies of the qualitative research would be discus sed in detail so that we can come to some concrete decision regarding the usefulness and reliability of the qualitative methods. The qualitative research is based on ‘grounded theory’ where the qualitative analysis of the data is used for generating theories that reflect the realities of life. Social scientists are therefore more inclined to use this type of research so that social changes and real life situations could be predicted with relative accuracy at unpredictable and unexpected circumstances. The

Benthams utilitarian principle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Benthams utilitarian principle - Essay Example Based on these theories, societies, along with its member, behaves according to what they thought is applicable and appropriate. Happiness and pleasure against sorrow and pain controls every individual, thus behave according to the amount these opposing nature with the risk of the consequences that their action entails. This utilitarianism principle is what is thought to have governed the world as proposed by Jeremy Bentham. At present, Bentham’s (1781) utilitarian principle is considered as the most appropriate and the most modern among other ethical principles in the society. He regards pain and pleasure as the â€Å"sovereign masters† that control the world. Everyone’s action follows the principle of utility as each person may or may not identify one’s act as one that conforms to the society or not. Experiencing pain and pleasure allows humans to identify the things that they ought to do as well as what they shall do. Being able to identify the actions that are appropriate in the society allows individuals to identify what is right or moral. Furthermore, such actions that are seen to be good and beneficial to a large number of people in the community are then considered to be morally acceptable. On the other hand, when an action is seen to inflict pain and is not pleasing to a majority, it is therefore disapproved and regarded as an immoral act. This idea applies to actions that are considered to be â€Å"for the greater good.† ... Any conduct that that affects a greater number of people in the society should not be implemented and considered unjust. In a given circumstance though, where the conduct affects a small number of people negatively, the community should assume the responsibility of its adverse effects. (role of the government) Right is then associated by the feelings of pleasure, while wrong is associated with pain. These two sensations that every member of the society feels can be quantified, therefore, pleasure in its great amount is deemed best for humanity. Greater pain, on the other hand, is unacceptable in the society, and thus regarded as a violation of the laws set by man and the system that is implementing them. On the other hand, motives play an important role in identifying what is thought to be right and wrong for the community. The principle that is adverse of utility introduces the ideas of asceticism, and sympathy and apathy. Such instances when even an action that offers the least amo unt of happiness or pleasure may be approved by the community. This inverse utilitarian principle recognizes the value of the action even when it does not provide a greater amount of happiness on the condition that it is advantageous for a greater number of people. As Bentham (1781) pointed out, the difference in motives between hope and fear draws down to the same principle that is associated to asceticism. While hope may elicit anticipation for something that is good in the future, fear inhibits a person to do something immoral in order to avoid punishment in the future. Both feelings fall down to preventing the members of the society, no matter which group they belong to,

Qualitative methods produce useful but unreliable research. Discuss Essay

Qualitative methods produce useful but unreliable research. Discuss - Essay Example y, the issues and subjects that may be influenced by the emotion and feelings of the masses are generally more suitable for qualitative research methodologies. It is therefore surprising that even though, both the types of researches have their own specific relevance, qualitative research methodology sometimes seems to become less reliable, especially in terms of its validation by a small number of data as compared to the quantitative research which is backed by a large ‘number’. Qualitative research is a very important tool for evaluating trends and behavioural pattern of the people who are in a position to influence a set of defined parameters or vice versa. It is also a very means to analyse how the changes occur in our social lives and how and what the factors that affect our decisions are. It is especially true in the case of gauging trends in consumer behaviour or trying to evaluate public leaning to a political ideology or a burning political issue. It is the reason that social scientists use this methodology to go deeper into the emotional psyche of the public’s moods and attitude and thus try to identify the root cause for their current trends. Consequently, the numbers become irrelevant for the researchers and the emotions and feelings that dictate the attitudes and views of the public becomes primary criteria to the final selection of the research methodology. Hence main features and methodologies of the qualitative research would be discus sed in detail so that we can come to some concrete decision regarding the usefulness and reliability of the qualitative methods. The qualitative research is based on ‘grounded theory’ where the qualitative analysis of the data is used for generating theories that reflect the realities of life. Social scientists are therefore more inclined to use this type of research so that social changes and real life situations could be predicted with relative accuracy at unpredictable and unexpected circumstances. The

Criminal Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Criminal Evidence - Essay Example When prosecuting a case at trial, you must be ready to defend it as admissible since according to the law the rule of co-conspirator exists, so long as there is independent evidence showing that the conspiracy exist and the two conspirators was present. In child sexual abuse case, some hearsay exceptions are relevant during the trial; courts normally but into consideration excited utterances said by an individual immediately after the bad experience as reliable hearsay. Individual statements or actions made to medical practitioners for reasons of treatment are allowed as reliable hearsay. It is believed that children seeking for treatment see the doctors hence they tell them the truth about their problem (Utah bar journal, 2002). Child sexual abuse cases sometimes take years to go for trial and by then the child might have forgotten or she might no longer remember clearly the details of what happened since she might have made tremendous progress in recovering from the trauma and may be she no longer wants to be reminded. Sometimes even parents may not want the children to be reminded about the bad situation they encountered

A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings by Gabriel García Márquez Essay Example for Free

A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez Essay When Pelayo was coming back to his house, he found an old man face down in the mud, with a pair of enormous wings. The neighbor told them he was an angel, and must have been knocked down by the rain. In the short story, A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez reveals some of his ideas of human nature. He shows how pessimistic humanity can be, through an experience with a fallen angel. One portrayal found in the story was the idea of human greed and selfishness. Most people are interested in what is best for them, or how they can take advantage of something for their own good. In the story, the Pelayo and Elisenda, husband and wife, had an angel fall into their yard. At first they were going to put the angel on a raft and free him from their chicken coop prison. Instead, they decided to charge admission to see the fallen angel that they held captive in their courtyard (6). They knew that people would come from everywhere to see this spectacle, and took advantage of the situation. By keeping this angel locked up in the chicken coop, they were profiting off of his misery. The people that came complained of their many problems, and were looking for the angel to help them. They were all concerned with themselves, and their own problems, rather than the angels well being. This selfishness is just part of human nature. The human race will always look for the best options to benefit themselves. Humans seem to have a very short attention span. The smallest things can be amusing, and keep our attention, but generally only for a short time. The human race is always looking for the new best thing, whether it is the hippest fashions, the newest, fastest cars, or the top-of-the-line computers. In A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, the people were amazed by the fact that a flesh-and-blood angel had fallen, and were coming from all over to see him. It was only after a period of a few weeks or so that a traveling circus came to town. In this circus, there was a woman who was supposedly turned into a spider for disobeying her parents. The crowd lost interest in the angel and swarmed to see the spider lady (10). The people were interested in this angel for only a short period of time because something more interesting came to town. The whole idea that there was a fallen angel on earth became old news. Humanity is, by nature, cruel. Again, going back to the angel and his imprisonment, it seemed as though people were upset or disappointed that the angel would not answer their questions. The whole imprisonment was cruel to begin with. At first, they even tried to feed the angel mothballs. Then, when everyone was dissatisfied with the angel merely lying around in the chicken coop, they decided to get him to move by burning his side with an iron, used for branding steers (9). For weeks they tormented this poor, hopeless angel. Mà ¡rquez, through his fiction, has shown some of his feelings on the philosophy of human nature. He feels that as a whole, is not very positive, and can be quite selfish. We tend to have a short attention span with many things, and we can also be very cruel. Human nature, as portrayed in A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, is not as perfect and wonderful as many would like to believe.

Concepts of Space in Art

Concepts of Space in Art In his book Space, Time and Architecture, Sigfried Giedion noted that through developments made during the Renaissance, the conception of space comes to fruition. This conception of space in art was expressed with the discovery of perspective. Through the use of perspective he says every element is related to the unique point of view of the individual. In linear perspective -etymologically clear seeing- objects are depicted upon a plane surface in conformity with the way they are seen, without reference to their absolute shapes and relations. The whole picture or design is calculated to be valid for one station and observation point only. To the fifteenth century the principle of perspective came as a complete revolution, involving an extreme and violent break with the medieval conception of space, and with the flat, floating arrangements, as its artistic expression. Sigfried Giedion, Space, Time and Architecture, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,  1967, first published 1941, pp. 30-31 During the Renaissance, fields of study particularly in the arts were closely intertwined with traditional models. In architecture, buildings were designed with reference to past examples. At around about the early nineteenth century, there came a shift in the conception of space that broke free of the rigidity associated with antiquity. Relativity in our conception of space came about through the development of cubism. Cubism introduced a new dynamic to visual representation. The framed view is coupled with different points of view of the same object, his brings in a factor of time. Joan Ockman professor and the director of the Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the  Study of American Architecture at Columbia University. Here will be cited her essay The  Way Beyond Art published in Autonomy and Ideology, ed.Somol, R.E., the Monacelli Press,  New York, 1997, pp.83-120 matter ceased to be understood as opaque mass. The viewer now envisaged different aspects of space simultaneously, inside and outside, convex and concave at once. Matter was decomposed into simple surfaces and lines (as in Mondrian) or became transparent and interpenetrating (as in Lissitsky). With these developments, space came to be understood as a crossing of movements and energies. The change in the conception of space is said to be the demolition of pictorial space by Cubist techniques and substitution of a relative point of view for an absolute one Along with Ockman, Sigfried also wrote about a new conception of space from the traditional. He claims that classical conception of space is related to the notion of perspective and this notion was the primary element in painting since the Renaissance up until the 20th Century. For Giedion, the new method of visual representation after the formation of cubist techniques coincides with a shift in the conception of space and develops form giving principles of the new space conception After Cubism, space conception changes from the static perception of the Renaissance. Giedion claims that the classic conceptions of space and volumes are limited and one sided. For Giedion, the possibilities of this new space conception is like Cubism with its many perspectives that extract the essence of the subject, give it an infinite potential for relations within it. Giedion claims that the dawn of cubism is an anonymous principle just like the discovery of perspective. That cubism is the expression of a collective and almost unconscious attitude and for him, this expression is also closely related to scientific advancements of that period. As Giedion says. Cubism breaks with Renaissance perspective. It views objects relatively: that is, from several points of view, no one of which has exclusive authority. And in so dissecting objects it sees them simultaneously from all sides from above and below, from inside and outside. It goes around and into its objects. Thus to the three dimensions of the Renaissance which have held good as constituent facts throughout so many centuries, there is added a fourth one time: In stage design, the stage itself can become a medium for the exploration and the experimentation of different concepts in vision and space conception. The stage is the manifestation of the relationship between performers and audience. In her book, Theatres, Gaelle Breton makes reference to ancient theatres. She says that the Greek theatres of antiquity sought to create a unity between the stage and audience areas and combined them under an open air space. This principle she states becomes the model for Elizabethan theatres which she identifies with the Shakespeare Globe Theatre. Breton states that during the Renaissance, theatre design undergoes an increasing separation from the outside world, and within creates an ever increasing divide between stage and spectator who sit in a fix position for an optimum static perspective. This resembles the painting of the time. The way theatres were designed during the Renaissance was challenged by Richard Wagner. Together with architect Otto Brukwald, they collaborated to design theatre which sought a reversal in the separation of and stage. The theatre of the Renaissance was concerned with the audience with the perspective of the audience. No balconies and a darkened auditorium focused the audiences attention to the stage. Theatre no longer sought to create the illusion of reality but sought to express the essence of a play. Breton also claims that the necessity for creating the illusion of reality became less relevant with the advent of cinema and the innovation of cubism which shattered the traditional perception space and style of spatial representation Antonin Artaud (1862-1928) was a famous stage director and the author of Theatre and its Double. He describes the architectural space that he seeks for his productions as a single, universal locale without any partitions of any kind His proposal was to abandon the architecture of his time and set about producing production that could be held in a barn or a hanger for performance. The notion of flexible space such as this can also be seen in the architecture of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe around this time. The concept is for a performance space as a total space which can be redesigned and reorganized for different productions. The sculptor and painter Oscar Schlemmer, conducts experiments for stage space at the Bauhaus. Roselee Goldberg state that the work at the Bauhaus was to achieve a synthesis of art and technology in pure form The studies conducted included the problems of performance space such as the opposition of visual place and spatial depth Schlemmers experiments demonstrated a new conception of space on stage. In the 1920s, the discussion of space centred on the notion of felt volume Schlemmer explained that out of the plane geometry, out of the pursuit of the straight line, the diagonal, the circle and the curve, a stereometry of space evolves, by the moving vertical line of the dancing figure. The relationship of the geometry of the plane to the stereometry of the space could be felt if one were to imagine a space filled with a soft pliable substance in which the figures of the sequence of the dancers movements were to harden as a negative form Up until the twentieth century, the criteria for stage design was a framed view and theatres based on the relation of the proscenium. In the early twentieth century, revolutionary stage designers such as Edward Gordon Craig challenged this two dimensional approach to stage design with three dimensional concepts and experiments. For his first production, Craig had to design his own stage as the only available space was the Hampstead Conservatoire. This concert hall was 44ft wide with a series of stepped platforms at one end to house the orchestra. The comprises made by Craig became a characteristic of his work. The ceiling height was level throughout and Craig incorporated Herkomers technique of over head lighting and sky effects. A low proscenium was constructed to facilitate frames and a bridge above the stage for the lighting man. To facilitate a cast and chorus of 75, the full width of the stage was utilized. This created a strikingly panoramic effect. In later production in Coronet and Great Queen Street theatres, Craig lowered the proscenium by as much as 12ft to create the impression of great width. He also found that creating stepped platforms allowed for three dimensional groupings and movement. Craig wanted the spectators to have the same perspective of the plays so no side galleries, or boxes were used, instead a single level seating was used. Another characteristic of Craigs productions which challenged the viewers imagination were, although the sets were openly theatrical, with everything from imitation vine leaves to crude papier-mà ¢chà © boars head, on the other hand there was a deliberate avoidance of realistic detail and simple effects of colour were used, leaving the imagination free and achieving a suggestiveness that one viewer had commented reminded him of the delicate friezes of Pompeii. For these surfaces, Craig explains they stand on the stage just as they are, they do not imitate nature, nor are they painted with realistic or decorative designs Craig studied the theatrical work as it was in ancient Greece, Rome, from the Renaissance to the Elizabethan. He noted that Once upon a time, stage scenery was architecture. A little later it became imitation architecture, still later it became imitation artificial architecture. The two elements which became central to Craigs concept of a new theater were lighting and movement. The two elements which became central to Craigs concept of a new theater were lighting and movement. The great days of painted scenery belonged to the era of dim lighting from gas-few footlights or candles, which flattened the performer so that he an the picture became one. The day the first spotlight was on the side of the proscenium, everything changed. The actor now stood out, was substantial, and a contradiction suddenly appeared between roundness and the two dimensional trompe loeil behind his back. The great innovators in the art of scenic design, Adolphe Appia and Gordon Craig, knew this before the First World War. Peter Brook, Threads of Time, Methuen Publishing Limited, London, 1999, p.48 In 1923, Fredrick Kiesler presented his concept for the Endless Theatre. The theme of this space was the structure did not have any frame, but could still maintain its form. In the 1920s architecture had a strong tendency to interpret space from a functional point of view. Buildings where traditionally of a rectangular shape, however there were no corners in Kieslers endless concept. This implies a meaning of time and space simultaneously which one can interpret as without and en, or in another sense an eternity of time. While this theatre expressed Kieslers concept of space, it was in 1958 when he presented the Endless house that his concept had manifested itself into a space that responded to human sensibilities as well as a functional space acting as a home. An installation architecture piece by Bernard Tschumi called the Glass Video Gallery was constructed in the Netherlands. It is a glass structure which contains 6 banks of video monitors. The projects intention was to challenge our preconceived ideas on the act of viewing. The monitors act as an unstable faà §ade, unlimited space is suggested through mirror reflections. The reflective surfaces which can be interpreted as a modern day equivalent to Edward Gordon Craigs walls. The immateriality presents an ambiguous surface. The architect presented a challenge to the permanence of buildings. The multiplying layers act to dissolve the surface of the glass. Lighting at night acts to transform the space. For Tschumià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The endless reflections of the video screens over the vertical and horizontal glass surfaces reverse all expectations of what is architecture and what is event, of what is wall and what is electronic image, of what defines and what activates. Tschumi also claims that his glass box challenges the ideas of television viewing and about privacy. The transparency of the glass walls acts as an opposition to an enclosed private space it also acts as an extension to the street. Within the structure, a person watches and is watched at the same time.

Baseball Positions :: Sports, Pitcher, Catcher

In the game of Baseball there are nine fielding positions. Each position is associated with a scorekeepers’ numerical number (from 1-9) to be used in scoring putouts. Each player has a special job associated with that position to help the team win. The game’s most important positions are the pitcher and the catcher. They are what the team revolves around and are called the â€Å"battery.† The pitcher’s position is known numerically as number (1) and the catcher’s is number (2). They control the tempo and intensity of the game. The pitcher’s job is to deliver the ball to home plate, keep the ball in the strike zone, and retire the batter by strike out, force out or fly ball. He must also field his position by catching pop flies, charging bunts, and back up the first baseman or catcher when necessary. He must have stamina and strong nerves. The catcher controls the speed of the game. His job is to give signals to the pitcher on what pitches to throw, block the plate from balls getting by him and tag runners out at the plate. He also has to calm the pitcher down whenever he feels it’s necessary. His job is by far the most difficult. No other defensive position requires more concentration and wears a player down mentally and physically, as does that of the catcher. He must be tough, have a strong arm and quick reflexes. These two players make the game happen. The infield has many positions; it has the first baseman (number 3), second baseman (number 4), third basemen (number 5), and the short stop (number 6). The first baseman and second baseman control the right side of the infield and the third baseman and shortstop control the left side of the infield. If a ball is hit to the third baseman and he fields it and throws it to the first baseman, it is recorded as a (5-3) out. If the second baseman fields a ball and throws it to the shortstop covering second base, who throws it to the first baseman, it is recorded as a (4-6-3) double play. The first baseman must be agile, quick and have the ability to set a good target. He will catch the balls that are hit to him, thrown to him, must scoop up ground balls, and tag first base for the out. He may have to charge a bunted ball, catch a pop fly ball, and throw to other bases to get lead runner out.

Lab Report: Specific Heat :: essays research papers

Introduction The porpoise of these is to determine the Specific Heat. Also known as Heat Capacity, the specific heat is the amount of the Heat Per Unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. The relationship between heat and temperature changed is usually expected in the form shown. The relationship does not apply if a phase change is encountered because the heat added or removed during a phase change does not change the temperature. Q = cn^T The molar specific heats of most solids at room temperature and above are nearly constant, in agreement with the Law of Dulong and Petit. At lower temperatures the specific heats drop as quantum processes become significant. The Einstein-Debye model of specific heat describes the low temperature behavior. The metal samples are:  · Copper (CU)  · Aluminum (Al)  · Zinc (ZN)  · Tin (Sn)  · Lead (Pb)  · Steal/iron (Fe)  · Brass (an alloy of Zn and Cu) PROCEDURE: 1. In a Styrofoam cup, record the temperature of the 200 ml of cold water. This is 200 g of water, as the density of water is 1 g/ml. 2. Obtain a sample of metal that has been immersed in boiling water and place it in the cup of water. 3. Wait until the temperature no longer rises (thermal equilibrium), and record the temperature increase. 4. Discard the water and measure the mass of the metal. 5. Repeat the above for each metal. CALCULATIONS: 1. H=mc^T=(200g/1)(1cal/goc)(2oc/a)=400cal C=H/m^T=400cal/(128g)(20c)=1.5625cal/goc 2. H=mc^T=(200g/1)(1cal/goc)(2oc/1)=400cal C=H/m^T=400cal/(20.1g)(2oc)=400cal/40.2 goc=9.95cal/ goc 3. H=mc^T=(200g/1)(1cal/goc)(2oc/1)=400cal C=H/m^T=400cal/(53.9g)(20c)=37.38cal/ goc 4. H=mc^T=(200g/1)(1cal/goc)(2oc/1)=400cal C=H/m^T=400cal/(65.3g)(20c)=3.06 cal/ goc 5. H=mc^T=(200g/1)(1cal/goc)(2oc/1)=400cal C=H/m^T=400cal/(70.5)(20c)=400cal/141goc=2.83 cal/ goc 6. H=mc^T=(200g/1)(1cal/goc)(2oc/1)=400cal C=H/m^T=400cal/(70.1g)( 20c)= 2.83 cal/ goc 7. H=mc^T=(200g/1)(1cal/goc)(2oc/1)=400cal C=H/m^T=400cal/(50g)(20c)=4 cal/goc RESULTS: Type of Metal Experimental  © of Metal Actual  © of Metal CU 400cal 1.5625cal/goc Al 400cal 9.95cal/ goc ZN 400cal 37.38cal/ goc Sn 400cal 3.06 cal/ goc Pb 400cal 2.83 cal/ goc Fe 400cal 2.83 cal/ goc Brass 400cal 4 cal/goc

Evaluation of King David

In both books, Samuel I and Samuel II, King David is depicted as a true, but imperfect, example of an ideal king. When David was first introduced, he was a young boy, but quickly proved himself to be a strong leader, as he defeated Goliath, the giant. But as he takes his role as king, and gets older, his judgment and decisions aren’t always smart ones. I believe as a moral and political leader, King David was a good king, despite his sinful nature, and there is a lot to learn from his kingship. King David’s decisions showed he was a decisive and an effective king. He captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites and took it for his own home. (Samuel II: Chapter 5, 6-7) 6: And the king and his men went to Jerusalem against the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, who spoke unto David, saying: ‘Except thou take away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither'; thinking: ‘David cannot come in hither. ‘ 7: Nevertheless David took the stronghold of Zion; the same is the city of David. By David going and taking over the city of Jerusalem, it shows how he his a committed leader, and that he wanted to take this city and transform it to the capital of the holy land. In god’s eyes, this must be an extremely powerful act, as David is truly showing his loyalty to Hashem. We can also conclude that by David winning this battle, he must be a strong military leader. Despite some of the eventual imperfections of David, he still defeated his enemies and because of that the nation prospered. One of his great displays of devotion to God would be when he brought the ark from the house of Abinadab to Jerusalem. Samuel II: Chapter 6, 15-16) 15: So David and all the house of Israel brought up the ark of the Lord with shouting, and with the sound of the horn. 16: And it was so, as the ark of the Lord came into the city of David, This showed the people of Jerusalem his devotion to God, and he openly displayed his devotion by bringing it openly. David was aware how the Ark of th e Covenant was most sacred and powerful item to his people, so by bringing it to Jerusalem, people would give him more support and recognize him for being a strong religious leader. Even though we study today that this wasn’t the best way for David to prove he is a good religious leader, we still look up to him, as his purpose is what really counts. I believe a lot of us could learn from that, to be more open in our worship and show our devotion publicly to God. I believe David’s heart was in the right place and God knew that, that is why he blessed him in his reign. David wanted to build a house for the Lord, but instead God built a house for him. (Samuel II: Chapter 7, 5-6) 5: Go and tell My servant David: Thus said the Lord: Shalt thou build Me a house for Me to dwell in? : for I have not dwelt in a house since the day that I brought up the children of Israel out of Egypt, even to this day, but have walked in a tent and in a tabernacle. God made a covenant with David in which God promised to make David a great and everlasting dynasty. David showed great devotion to the lord, but fell short of his glory. The lord saw he was whole-heartedly devote d to him and therefore he made an everlasting covenant with David. I believe it was David’s â€Å"good intentions† that God did not see David’s his sinful nature, because God doesn’t expect perfection, just devotion. The fact that David acted in a way that he constantly dedicated himself to God, and tried to do the right thing, is what God saw him for, and we can learn from that because people have a sinful nature sometimes, but God still cares for us. I think it is important to remember David was a human, granted he had responsibilities as a King, but he shouldn’t have been expected to be perfect. Like all humans, he had weaknesses, which got him into trouble. David had several â€Å"downfalls† in his reign. One example of David’s downfalls is when he committed adultery. (Samuel II: 11, 4) 4: And David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in unto him, and he lay with her; for she was purified from her uncleanness; and she returned unto her house. This act is perhaps one of the reasons why people have controversy over David, and if he was a â€Å"good† king or not. I believe it can be compared to that of the incident of our president Clinton. David was a human like Clinton and, given they were leaders who represented a nation, were both human. My point is that pressures are put on those with power and people expect them to be perfect when really they are not that different from us. I’m not saying that what they did was okay, but I’m just trying to understand it more. It was a sin, what they did, but God knew their hearts, and in David’s case the Lord still blessed him. I believe the greatest thing we can observe from King David would be that God called him a king after his own heart. (Samuel I: Chapter 13, 14) But now your kingdom shall not continue. The Lord has sought for Himself a man after His own heart, and the Lord has commanded him to be commander over His people, because you have not kept what the Lord commanded you The fact that God says this, and understands that David is a man of heart, is the most significant to learn from all of David’s actions. It was the fact that David was willing to confess his wrongdoings and admit his sins, then repent that saved him, and showed God his devotion to him. I admire David’s whole heartedness and I believe that is the most important thing I’ve learned from him.

A T-shirt Epic Essay

Pietra Rivoli’s delightful narrative, The Travels of A T-Shirt in the Global Economy, goes about a surprising journey around the global village to discover an entangled web of economic and political forces that move this piece of clothing around. The book is split into four parts of a t-shirt’s life.   Part one of the book deals with the cotton industry.   Rivoli’s own surprise at learning that the cotton used for her shirt comes from Texas opens up this chapter on the continuing dominance of the American cotton industry.   The book then continues to explain the reasons for these—aside from government subsidies, the larger part of America’s continuing competitive advantage is its â€Å"virtuous cycle† of governance.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the United States, the farms work, the market works, the government works, the science works, and the universities work.† (Rivoli 7). The second part of the book is about the textile industry’s so called â€Å"race to the bottom†.   Industrialization is ushered in by the textile industry, and Rivoli gives examples from 19th century England to the Asian economic powerhouses Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong in the 20th century.   The third part is about the complexity of getting a textile import into the United States, with all the confusing legislation brought about by decades of political control held by textile manufacturers in America.   In the final part of the book, Rivoli examines the global market for used t-shirts, which she concedes is the final place where markets actually determine its origin and destination. Free Trade or Protectionism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author is not making an argument for either protectionism or free trade.   Obviously, as a trained economist, Rivoli favors free trade, as do all her colleagues in an almost unanimous voice.   However, the book does not argue for either side, and instead illustrates that both sides of this policy divide unwittingly spur economic development. Free trade policies encourage more â€Å"races to the bottom† as production shifts to low cost countries; however protectionist policies also contribute to another type of race.   In the battle for quota imports to the United States, for example, investment has flowed into areas where there is less restriction on trade with the world’s largest consumer of textiles and apparel.   In the modern-day case with China, the relatively low quota limits that China has for its exports to the US before the expiration of the Multifiber Agreement (MFA) (Rivoli 121) has encouraged investments in other developing countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh and even Sub-Saharan Africa.   As the book notes, the exclusion of one creates opportunities for another, and the humble textile industry is the first step towards industrialization for many developing nations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As Rivoli further notes, when the MFA was scheduled to be taken down, a lot of other developing countries were scared of China eating everyone’s share of the textile pie.   It represents one of the few actually plausible pro-protectionist arguments in the book, which are not really argued for but just explained. The role of politics in international trade It’s a given fact that politicians will listen more often that not to their constituents first instead of to common sense.   Unfortunate as it may be, politics more often than not counter the market forces that power the global race to the bottom.   Rivoli puts it as â€Å"While the market forces powering the race to the bottom are strong, the political forces pushing back against the markets are strong as well, particularly in the United States.† (Rivoli 115) This clash between the two has made importation of textiles a very complicated business in the United States, and changes the face of international trade with it.   If an item cannot be imported from China, it is imported from Mexico instead, giving an artificial advantage to some countries that will not be there if market forces were solely in control.   The decisions that politicians like congressmen and senators in Washington make often influence the very futures of some countries in the world. Rivoli characterizes American industries that are aging as trying to escape market forces by clinging on to their political supports.   Instead of a paradise of no intervention and perfect competition, what happens is that more often politics exert a big unpredictable force that tilts the equation over completely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example was 18th century England, where to no avail Parliament tried to pass acts that would protect their domestic wool producers.   Instead of having the intended consequences (i.e. eliminating imported cotton), it just pushed international trade to adapt to the circumstances. The â€Å"race to the bottom† phrase used so much in the book is one of the most intriguing ideas of Rivoli. Basically it says that the textile industry, like all industries is governed by market forces.   On the supply side, producers seek more and more productivity for lower costs—a reaction that sparked the original Industrial Revolution.   However, as wages go up along with production costs, producers are keen on reducing costs and preserving low prices with huge markets.   These trends doom an industrial country’s textile production after it becomes less competitive than another aspiring country who is not the leader in the â€Å"bottom† of production costs. The fire of the Industrial Revolution spread to the United States, and then in the last century to Asia, where during the past twenty or so years China has held the spot as top in this ubiquitous â€Å"race to the bottom†. The other side of the argument—those activists who bring about higher minimum wages and better labor standards, hasten the fall of a country from the â€Å"race to the bottom†, but at the same time also hasten industrialization and the development of other more value-added industries.   It also makes another country leader of the race to the bottom, ready to start the cycle all over again. This â€Å"history repeats itself† phenomenon—from Britain to Taiwan leaves the reader enthusiastic of the future, and of how economics will eventually make all the people of the world feel a little bit better. R E F E R E N C E Rivoli, Pietra. The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy. New Jersey :Wiley, 2005.

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International Business - Essay Example The company ranks 46th among the 500 companies listed in the fortune 500 list of global companies in terms of the highest market capitalization (Financial times, â€Å"FT Global 500 2013†). Its operations are spread over 99 cities across 39 major countries all around the world. This suggests the company’s significant global presence. With the onset of globalization, expanding operations in a foreign country has become a primary strategy followed by companies in order to explore foreign country markets and consequently gain competitive advantage. GSK is no exception as they follow the same strategy in order to lay a solid foundation for the company to make business via expanding into foreign markets. Formulation or rather implementation of such strategies, alongside accruing benefits for the company, sometimes raises concerns for the company as well. One such problem that will be described in this particular essay is the ethical issue that has proven to be a cause of con cern for GlaxoSmithKline while operating in the foreign market. Recently the company has been associated with certain ethical lapses while it was operating in China. The company was accused of carrying out unethical practices in order to beat the competition in the market and maximize value for the company. The following sections will involve a thorough analysis of the scenario that prevails in the host country and the ethical issues were faced by the company while it was carrying out its international operations. Following that, three alternative strategies to eliminate such practices will be explained and based upon that a recommendation will be suggested regarding the best strategy to be adopted by the company. Business environment in China China, being an emerging economy, offers a lot of market opportunities for investment to foreign companies. The country offers access to a large market thereby providing considerable savings in labor costs. This highlights the country’s huge potential for economic growth. However, having said that, precautionary measures must be taken as a huge difference in the political and cultural environment prevails in China that might prove to be risky thereby posing uncertainties for foreign investors (Fogel, â€Å"Business environment in china: Economic, political, and cultural factors†). Economic environment China has been known to be the most favorable destination for foreign direct investment in the recent past. The country has shown a very stable economic growth which has lured top companies from all over world into investing in China. 450 out of the Worlds fortune 500 companies invest in China. Foreign direct investment accounts for 4.1% of national tax revenue, 58% of foreign trade and 27% of the value assed production. China has a huge deposit of foreign exchange reserve which helps it conduct trade related to import and export smoothly. The country joined the World trade organization in 2001 which resulted in a rapid growth in the country’s imports and exports thereby witnessing foreign direct investment of $60 billion annually in 2006. The foreign exchange reserve of China exceeded $1 trillion for the first time in the year 2006 and thereafter in 2008 the foreign exchange reserve of China totaled to $1.9 trillion (China Foreign Exchange Reserves, â€Å"US State Administration†). China is mainly engaged in the industrial exports of manufactured goods, garments, electronics and textiles. As far as China’s infrastructure is concerned, it has suffered from

Gu Kaizhi Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Gu Kaizhi - Research Paper Example essay will seek to analyze the life and artwork of Gu Kaizhi so as to present to the reader a more complete biographical and technical understanding of the man and his artwork as well as to impress upon the reader the total contributions and levels of expertise that this artist exhibited. Born in 344 AD, Gu Kaizhi’s brief 62 years of life saw the development and growth of one of the most talented and prolific Chinese artists that had lived up until that point in time. Gu was born into a rather noble family and was subsequently schooled in a variety of art forms to include military training, literature, poetry, calligraphy, and music. Such a privileged life helped him to experience an exceptionally well rounded education that many other artists did not have the pleasure of. Although skilled in many artforms and able to express himself within the art of poetry at a very young age, Gu turned to the medium of artwork in the form of paintings by the age of 20 (364 AD). It was at this point that Gu began a long and storied career that would see him be named the father of Chinese artwork. Though such a title is of course a bit of stretch as talented artists existed long before him, the fact of the matter is that he had a profound and lasting effect on the way that ar twork was defined and practiced within China. Additionally, his incorporation of traditional Chinese virtues, stories, characters, and motifs helped to endear him to subsequent generations of artists that began to see his work not only as indicative of high art but exemplification of traditional Chinese art as a function of culture. Due to the historical record at that time, it is nearly impossible to verify some of the stories that exist regarding Gu as he began to embark upon his career as an artist. However, regardless of the voracity of some of these anecdotes, they have nonetheless continued to exist and provide the reader with useful insights into both the merits of Gu’s artwork as well as

The dust bowl of the 1930s Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The dust bowl of the 1930s - Research Paper Example The Dust Bowl caused losses amounting to millions of dollars in the process drying up the already depressed the economy of the United States in the 1930 through the damages created. The advancement in technology has made NASA believe that Jet Stream could have partly contributed to the drought. The decade of the 1930s was opened with unparalleled growth and prosperity. During the decade, the demand for wheat in the word was high making most farmers purchase tractors, one way plows and combines as a result of making a big chunk of the available land to be under the wheat plantation and with little regard being given to the damage that was being done to the environment (Siegfried, Max, Philip, Randal, and Julio 2004). The grasslands that should have never been plowed being plowed up, in the process breaking millions of acres of land meant for farming in the Great Plains. The year 1930 despite being dry, most farmers made wheat crop. As a matter of fact, in the year 1931, the wheat crop was mostly considered as a bumper crop largely due to the existence of over twelve million bushels of wheat. Wheat could be found everywhere be it in the elevators, in the roads and even on the ground. This increased supply in wheat resulted into prices of wheat going down hence most farmers incurring massive losses and going broke forcing a big number of the farmers to abandon their fields. Between the years 1934 to the year 1936, three record drought were experienced with the year 1936 experiencing a more severe storm that was even more severe and spread out of the plains and across all over the nation. These years of drought were accompanied by what we can consider as record breaking heavy rains, tornados, blizzards and flash floods. In the month of September in 1930, a rain of over five inches was experienced within a very short time in the Oklahoma Panhandle (Siegfried, Max, Philip, Randal, and Julio 2004). This flooding in Cimarron County was further accompanied with a dirt s torm which had profound damage on several small buildings and granaries. Additionally, during the same period, the region was whipped again by a strong dirt storm originating from the southwest until when the winds gave way to a blizzard from the north. The drought began after the blizzards in the winter between 1930 and 1931 which was first experienced by the northern plains feeling the dry spell and immediately followed by the southern plains in mid-July (Siegfried, Max, Philip, Randal, and Julio 2004). The ground as a result dis not have enough water that would necessitate planting until the late September during the same period. As a result of this, there was late planting characterized with early frost and with much of the wheat being small and weak, the wheat was beaten by dirt from the abandoned fields when in 1932 the spring winds began to blow. Various causes can be traced to the Dust Bowl experienced in the US Midwest during the 1930s. Amongst the causes could be the preva iling unstable ocean temperatures in the 1930s. this can be scientifically be explained by the fact that when the temperatures are cooler than normal in the tropical Pacific Ocean while on the other hand the Atlantic Ocean temperatures are experiencing ideal drought conditions as a result of the unstable sea surface temperatures, dry air coupled with high temperature could

With reference to new theories of trade, account for the increased Essay

With reference to new theories of trade, account for the increased importance in the last fifty years of intra-industry trade as a component of world trade - Essay Example Theories have been developed to explain the increasing intra-industry trade, including technology based theories, new trade theories and the national competitive advantage. This is the case of decreasing cost of production in an industry in a given country. With the presence of a large population in the country that consumes a given product in the country, the demand for the product locally increases. This forms the large local market for the given product. Consumer preference for a product is mostly influenced by the consumer taste for the product as well as the cultural practice of the given country. With culture, there is a continued demand for the product generation after generation since the culture is passed over from one generation to the next; therefore ensuring a large market for the product locally. As such, the cost of production for the product decreases with increase in demand. This is due to the economies of large scale production that ensures decrease in total cost with increased production especially in manufacturing. With the large local market, the country benefits from economies of scale in production of the particular product. This gives the country a cost advantage in production of the given product, thus leading to price advantage. Pricing the product lower than other countries will see other countries prefer to import the given product than producing it. With culture, there is spread of the market globally from travelling of the people to other countries, thus the need to export the product to other countries. Enhanced transport has seen people travel far and wide to different countries. Consumer taste and preference goes a long way influencing imports in different countries. Creation of free trade will improve on imports in the country to cater for the varying consumer preference (Donnan 2013, p.3). Though there is a locally produced product, visitors in other countries may prefer the same product from their country of origin

SHORT ANSWER ONLY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SHORT ANSWER ONLY - Assignment Example An example is the perception by the United States of America to be superior to other nations in terms of its economic and military might. This is manifested by their incursion in the Middle East. This is the principal that all customs, beliefs and ethical standards of a particular group are relative to its own interpretation and other groups should understand them in that groups perception (Cahoone, 2005). Thus no culture should perceive itself to be superior to another when comparing their structure of religion, politics, language or rule against another group. This concept is important to guard against biased judgment by anthropological researchers in taking field notes on an ethnic group to which they don’t belong. Hence your cultural identity should not portray you as ethnocentric in your final reporting of a culture (Cahoone, 2005). An example is the Chinese people who eat dog meat. In my culture, dog is considered as a pet. It is my conviction therefore to appreciate them in impartiality even though I might hold a controversial opinion. This is a perspective used by anthropologist mostly in cultural anthropology to study a society’s cultural system. Emic perspective is culture specific. It focuses on the inherent cultural distinctions that are significant to members of a given culture. This concept is paramount as it guides researcher against subjective opinion while embarking on a cross-cultural study (Liu, 2001). Hence the members of a society are the solitary judges of the legitimacy of an emic description. It gives major credence to local viewpoints. An example of emic is specific definition of a marriage. For instance, polyandry practiced in some societies is viewed as normal. This a process by which a person adapts to and assimilates the culture in which he lives in. He or she becomes a successful member of the society by practicing its accepted norms and values. It is a lifelong process learned through

Describe how Arthur Miller creates Essay Example for Free

Describe how Arthur Miller creates Essay Describe how Arthur Miller creates an exciting climax for both acts of A View from the Bridge' A View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller, is a play about obsession and betrayal. The main character, Eddie Carbone, becomes overprotective over his niece, Catherine, to the degree of infatuation. This obsession helps to cause the break down of Eddies marriage, as his wife, Beatrice realises the alarming nature of Eddies fixation. Eddies feelings for Catherine existed before Beatrices cousins, Marco and Rodolfo came, but their arrival intensifies the situation, as Eddie becomes more and more jealous of Rodolfo, and of Catherines love for him. This play is a tragedy and, like most tragedies, it is serious and ends with the death of the main character, Eddie. Eddie dies after betraying his wifes cousins to the immigration bureau. As a result, Marco, who is filled with hatred and in need of justice, stabs him. Arthur Miller was a New Yorker who worked on the Brooklyn docks, for a time. His experience of the docks and of the people around them, led him to write this play, which is set there. During this coursework, my aim is to study the ends of the two acts in depth to see what techniques Miller uses to make them dramatically effective. The last scene of act one (from page 39 when Catherine puts paper doll on the phonograph) portrays at first is one of a reasonably happy home but Arthur miller uses a combination of significant action and verbal nuances to show depth of characters and character emotions. The basic events of the scene are Rodolfo and Catherine dancing, Eddie showing Rodolfo how to box, and then Marco, challenging Eddie to lift a chair. These are three main parts of this last scene, which demonstrate symbolic changes in the character relationships, the first two build up to the final conflict between Marco and Eddie, which sets the tone for the second act. The first important section of the scene is the dancing between Rodolfo and Catherine. We see in this scene that Rodolfo feels uncomfortable because of Eddie he Stiffly rises, feeling Eddies eyes on his back this shows that Rodolfo may realise how Eddie feels towards his niece, Rodolfo doesnt want to upset him, we see the way Eddie feels about the dancing in the stage direction EDDIE turns his head away. These few simple actions are very important to the play, they show Eddies feelings and the start or progression of the hatred Eddie feels towards Rodolfo and show a subtle conflict between Eddie and his niece. During we find out about a number of things in more depth, for example our understanding of the plays characters changes considerably. We find that Marco disapproves of the way Eddie is treating Rodolfo, this is quite a surprise since we, as an audience do not expect Marco who has previously been shy and quiet to make such a blatant challenge as he does in this scene. Twists and surprises in a plot tend to create suspense and tension so this is a very effective technique to use. The action in this scene Marcos action of holding up a chair triumphantly in front of Eddie is an interesting and significant action because the chair seems to be a symbolic weapon. Marco is threatening Eddie with it, this is analogous to the way he actually uses a weapon to kill Eddie in the final scene of the play. The way that Arthur Miller uses such an imposing action as lifting a chair above head height to make a defined, pointed change in Marco is effective because it is dramatic and startling in the way that it breaks from the tone of the rest of the scene. Although powerful and startling the action of lifting the chair is also subtle in that it states without using words, just how Marco feels and sets out his warning, it is succinct which is part of what makes it effective. I do not believe words would have worked as well at portraying the overall feelings, not just of Marco but also of the other characters. This is a major way that Arthur Miller creates an overall atmosphere. He uses actions that involve the audience reactions and opinions of all the characters and the aids the creation of a climax. Emotions of the audience towards characters are mixed. They may feel happy for Catherine and Rodolfo in that they have found each other and seem so happy. Some may speculate, however, about that, this relationships days are numbered due to Eddies obviously hostile feelings towards Rodolfo. They may also feel anxious as to how the conflict that has arisen between Marco and Eddie will be resolved. This emotional uncertainty is exciting and leaves the audience thinking because of the culmination of events. This last scene in act one is used very effectively by Arthur Miller to sow the seeds of events which are going to happen in the 2nd act of the play. It is only at this point in the play that we get true insight into the feelings of Marco, his stubbornness, his need to prove himself and his brother, which turn out at the end of the play to be fatally strong. It is also only now that we see any dislike of Marco from Eddie, it is this dislike and need for apology that causes the end scene to happen in such a tragic manner. The Characters in this scene are very interesting to observe on their own but it is also interesting to see how Arthur Miller has contrasted the actions of his characters in this scene. One such contrast is that between Marco and Eddie. Eddie uses Aggressive action, such as boxing to make his point whereas Marcos subtle challenge with the chair is, non-aggressive but still makes the intended point. These contrasts between the two mens actions are very interesting and are very effective in demonstrating the differences between their personalities; this makes it even more interesting at the very ending of the play how Marco has changed into a person willing to be violent to get revenge. This final scene leaves many questions unanswered. The conflicts between the characters in this scene could lead the audience to speculate as to how things will develop in the next act but although this scene gives the audience, some idea of how things turn out it does not tell them everything. They may ask themselves what is going to happen to Catherine and Rodolfos relationship since it seems plain that Eddie dislikes Rodolfo and disapproves of his relationship with his niece. And they may wonder about Beatrice and Eddies marriage since it appears to be weakening there is no way, however that at this point the audience realise the ending, they are left in suspense. This means that the ending of this act is all the more of a climax; the audience are left teetering on the edge of knowing more but are left to ruminate till the second act. That in itself is enough to explain the way Miller creates of a climax here. The situations that develop in this play would be difficult for anyone to deal with. Eddie finds the situation that he is in especially difficult and consequently he is seriously affected by it. In this play Eddie goes from being a popular man, respected in the community to being a man willing to betray his own family and, in the final scene one prepared to kill. Eddie started by just being over protective of Catherine, which developed into jealousy of Rodolfo because Catherine loved him and this, in turn developed into passionate hatred of both Marco and Rodolfo. Eddie hardly understands what he himself is feeling at the end of the play. These emotional changes are central to Arthur millers play since they help to cause the chain of events leading up to the final tragic end and are very important in creating interest and drama in the play. This is especially significant at the ends of the acts and creates a charged atmosphere. The changes in Eddie during the play also have consequences on the people around him, especially on Beatrice. Eddie spends less and less time throughout the play with Beatrice socially and more importantly, he spends less time with her intimately. There is evidence in other scenes that the sexual part of the Carbones marriage has already collapsed but that Beatrice desperately wants to save the marriage by sitting down and sorting things out.